Jacqueline Cochran
was born, date uncertain, near the sawdust roads, cotton fields and small
sawmill town of DeFuniak Springs in West Florida. She grew up in poverty,
never owning a pair of shoes until she was nine. Her poverty and lack of
education did not deter her. She went from being a barefoot girl, who stole
chickens to help feed her family, to a decorated pilot who dined with Kings,
Queens, Presidents, and Premiers.
Young Jacqueline Cochran‘s first job was sweeping the floor and being a
’shampoo girl‘ in a beauty parlor, but the word ’can‘t’ was not in her
vocabulary. She loved the sight of an airplane and believed that one day she
would fly. She read, she listened, she asked questions and she never took
‘no’ for an answer. She believed in hard work, persistence and God--not
necessarily in that order.
In 1932 she earned her pilot‘s license, and in 1934 she entered her first
air race. She became best friends with aviatrix Amelia Earhart, and by 1935
she had entered her first Bendix Air Race and owned a multi-million dollar
cosmetics manufacturing company
Jacqueline Cochran married Floyd Bostwick Odlum in Kingman, Arizona on May
11, 1936. In 1937 she won first place in the women’s division of Bendix and
was the first woman to make a blind landing. She was awarded her first of 15
Clifford Burke Harmon International Trophies of the International League of
Aviators as the outstanding woman flyer in the world. In 1938 she took first
place in the Bendix Transcontinental and received the General Willie E.
Mitchell Memorial Award as the person making the greatest contribution to
aviation that year.
In 1939, as Hitler‘s Nazi troops were marching across Europe, Jacqueline
Cochran began to consider the possibility of America becoming involved and
the possible future need for women to assist in flying America’s military
aircraft. She conferred with the wife of President Roosevelt and, at her
suggestion, approached General Hap Arnold with her plans for using women
pilots, if they were ever needed. He rejected her plans.
In April, 1940 Cochran breaks the 2,000 kilometer international speed record
and the 100 kilometer national record. She wins the Minneapolis Air Classic
Award as the outstanding woman pilot and receives her third of four trophies
from the Women‘s NAA as the outstanding woman pilot for ’38, ‘39, ’40, and
then ‘41. She established a woman’s national altitude record and broke the
international open-class speed record for men and women. She won the McGough
Memorial Award and the American Legion award.
From 1941 to 1943 Jacqueline Cochran was the President of the 99s, an
organization of women aviators founded in 1929. In 1941 General Hap Arnold
asks her to go to England to study the program of the women pilots flying
with the Royal Air Force. In June, 1941 she becomes the first woman to pilot
a bomber across the North Atlantic.
As the request of General Arnold and Britian‘s Chief/Air Mission, she
organized a group of twenty-five American women pilots to fly for Great
Britian. She accompanied them to England and remained to assist with plans
for the newly arrived American 8th Air Force.
By the Spring of 1942 there was a severe shortage of male pilots. General
Hap Arnold asked Cochran to return to the United States and put her plans
(to train women pilots to fly America’s military aircraft) into operation.
On September 11, 1942 she is appointed Director of Woman‘s Flying Training
for the United States. The first class of women pilots reported for training
at the Houston Municipal Airport on November 11, 1942. Three months later,
the program was moved to Avenger Field in Sweetwater, Texas
The experimental flying training program was successful, and in July, 1943
Cochran is appointed to the General Staff of the U.S. Army Air Forces to
direct all phases of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) program at 120
air bases all over America. On 20 December 1944 the WASP program was
discontinued and the WASP disbanded.
In 1945 Jacqueline Cochran received the U.S. Distinguished Service Medal,
travels to the Far East and witnesses General Yamashita’s surrender in the
Phillippines and was the first woman to enter Japan after WWII.
After the war, Jacqueline Cochran continued to participate in air races and
to establish new transcontinental and international records. In 1953 she
became the first woman to exceed the sound barrier. (She still holds more
international speed, distance and altitude records than any other pilot,
male or female.) In 1971 Jacqueline Cochran was enshrined in the Aviation
Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio-the first woman to be so honored. (additional
accomplishments, titles, and honors .)
On August 9, 1980 Jacqueline Cochran died at her home in Indio, California.
Memorial services were held at the U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs,
Colorado.
Jacqueline Cochran went higher and faster into the frontiers of aviation
than any woman before, breaking through the glass ceiling and the sound
barrier--from rags to riches-blazing a trail for other heroic women to
follow. She was truly ‘one of a kind’.
What drove her? What made her special? There‘s no simple recipe for success
but she did leave a message for the next generation: ’If you will open up
your power plants of vitality and energy, clean up your spark plugs of
ambition and desires, and pour in the fuel of work, you will be likely to go
places and do things.
back
*written by WASP Deanie
Parrish | © 2005 Wings Across America
|